1. World Economic Forum. (2025). The Global Risks Report 2025 20th Edition. https://www.weforum.org/publications/series/global-risks-report/.

2. Ibid.

3. International Energy Agency. (2025). Growth in global energy demand surged in 2024 to almost twice its recent average. https://www.iea.org/news/growth-in-global-energy-demand-surged-in-2024-to-almost-twice-its-recent-average.

4. World Meteorological Organization. (2025). WMO confirms 2024 as warmest year on record at about 1.55°C above pre-industrial level. https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/wmo-confirms-2024-warmest-year-record-about-155degc-above-pre-industrial-level.

5. International Energy Agency. (2025). Growth in global energy demand surged in 2024 to almost twice its recent average. https://www.iea.org/news/growth-in-global-energy-demand-surged-in-2024-to-almost-twice-its-recent-average.

6. International Energy Agency. (2025). Global Energy Review 2025. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/5b169aa1-bc88-4c96-b828-aaa50406ba80/GlobalEnergyReview2025.pdf.

7. Statista. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) market size worldwide from 2020 to 2030. https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1474143/global-ai-market-size#:~:text=AI%20market%20size%20worldwide%20from%202020%2D2030&text=
The%20market%20for%20artificial%20intelligence,billion%20U.S.%20dollars%20in%202030.

8. Heatmap. (2024). The IEA Isn’t Sweating Data Center Electricity Demand. https://heatmap.news/technology/iea-world-energy-outlook-2024.

9. International Energy Agency. (2024). What the data centre and AI boom could mean for the energy sector. https://www.iea.org/commentaries/what-the-data-centre-and-ai-boom-could-mean-for-the-energy-sector.

10. The White House. (2025). Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Declares National Emergency to Increase our Competitive Edge, Protect our Sovereignty, and Strengthen our National and Economic Security. https://www.whitehouse.gov/factsheets/2025/04/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-declares-national-emergency-to-increase-our-competitive-edgeprotect-our-sovereignty-and-strengthen-our-national-and-economic-security/#:~:text=President%20Trump%20will%20impose%20an,at%2012%3A01%20a.m.%20EDT.

11. The White House. (2025). Annex-I. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Annex-I.pdf.

12. These rankings provide a high-level snapshot of relative progress and set the stage for deeper regional and country-level insights in the next section. The ETI is a dynamic benchmark, with methodological refinements and framework updates applied each year to reflect evolving transition priorities and data availability. As a result, year-on-year comparisons of rank positions between editions may not be directly comparable and should be interpreted with caution.

13. Netherlands, Germany, Portugal, Estonia, Iceland, the UK, the US, Israel, Chile, New Zealand, Japan, Republic of Korea, Belgium, Bulgaria, Luxembourg, Canada, Albania, Ireland, Czechia, Viet Nam, Panama, Indonesia, Nigeria, Jordan, Sri Lanka, El Salvador, India, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Philippines, Kyrgyz Republic, Paraguay, Oman, Bangladesh, Cote d’Ivoire, Tajikistan, Guatemala, Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Iran, Mozambique, Nicaragua.

14. Financial Times. (2024). Strategic interests galvanise Gulf’s renewables spending. https://www.ft.com/content/275ad801-0862-4123-8028-158ec18205f0.

15. Emirates Nuclear Energy Company. (2024). Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant. https://www.enec.gov.ae/barakah-plant/.

16. Swedish Energy Agency. (2024). Our strategic priorities in energy research and innovation. https://www.energimyndigheten.se/en/innovations-r--d/Our-strategic-priorities-in-energy-research-and-innovation/.

17. World Intellectual Property Organization. (2024). Sweden ranking in the Global Innovation Index 2024. https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/sweden.

18. European Parliament. (2024). Finland’s climate action strategy. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/767180/EPRS_BRI(2024)767180_EN.pdf.

19. World Economic Forum. (2023). Finland is on track to meet some of the world’s most ambitious carbon neutrality targets. This is how it has done it. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2023/06/finland-carbon-neutral-2035-goals/.

20. European Parliament. (2024). Denmark’s climate action strategy. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/767173/EPRS_BRI(2024)767173_EN.pdf.

21. International Energy Agency. (n.d.). Energy system of Finland. https://www.iea.org/countries/finland.

22. International Energy Agency. (n.d.). Energy system of Norway. https://www.iea.org/countries/norway.

23. World Economic Forum. (2022). Norway’s massive sovereign-wealth fund sets net-zero goals. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2022/09/norways-massive-sovereign-wealth-fund-sets-net-zero-goal/.

24. Government of Switzerland. (2024). Switzerland’s information necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding in accordance with definition 1/CP.21 of its updated and enhanced first nationally determined contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement (2021–2030). https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2024-11/Switzerlands%20First%20NDC_2021_2030_Update%202024_including%20ICTUs.pdf.

25. Think Tank European Parliament. (2024). Austria’s climate action strategy. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2024)767170#:~:text=
Austria’s%20government%20aims%20to%20achieve,see%20trajectory%20in%20Figure%201).

26. Emirates News Agency. (2025). Austria cuts CO2 emissions by 350,000 tonnes in H1-24. https://www.wam.ae/en/article/b5s17dg-austria-cuts-co2-emissions-350000-tonnes-h1-24.

27. Eurostat. (2024). Shedding light on energy in Europe – 2024 edition. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/interactive-publications/energy-2024.

28. European Commission. (2025). Baltic States join the European continental electricity grid after fully disconnecting from Russian and Belarussian networks [Press release]. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_436.

29. Reuters. (2025). Dutch Gasunie expects to invest $13 billion in power grid through 2030. https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/dutch-gasunie-expects-invest-13-billion-power-grid-through-2030-2025-03-31/.

30. Clean Energy Wire. (2025). Germany’s Climate Action Law. https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/germanys-climate-action-law-begins-take-shape.

31. Bundesnetzagentur. (2024). Hydrogen core network. https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Energy/HydrogenCoreNetwork/start.html.

32. Reuters. (2024). Portugal plans to raise share of renewables in electricity consumption to 93% by 2030. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/portugal-plans-raise-share-renewables-electricity-consumption-93-by-2030-2024-07-22/.

33. Portuguese Trade & Investment Agency (AICEP). (2024). Portugal approves €611m investment in national grid development. https://www.portugalglobal.pt/en/news/2024/august/portugal-approves-611m-investment-in-national-grid-development/.

34. Directorate-General for Energy and Geology. (2020). National Strategy for Hydrogen. https://www.dgeg.gov.pt/en/transversal-areas/international-affairs/energy-policy/national-strategy-for-hydrogen/.

35. Reuters. (2025). Portugal keen to create offshore wind cluster, could reach 10 gigawatts. https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/portugal-keen-create-offshore-wind-cluster-could-reach-10-gigawatts-2025-01-17/.

36. Carbon Brief. (2025). Analysis: Clean energy just put China’s CO2 emissions into reverse for first time. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-clean-energy-just-put-chinas-co2-emissions-into-reverse-for-first-time/.

37. International Energy Agency. (2025). Summit on the Future of Energy Security. https://www.iea.org/events/summit-on-the-future-of-energy-security.

38. International Energy Agency. (2024). Bottom-up energy transitions: Managing the rise of energy communities in Latin America. https://www.iea.org/commentaries/bottom-up-energy-transitions-managing-the-rise-of-energy-communities-in-latin-america.

39. US Department of Energy. (2024). Sparking Transmission Deployment: Inflation Reduction Act. https://www.energy.gov/gdo/articles/sparking-transmission-deployment-inflation-reduction-act.

40. Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy of Albania. (2024). National Energy and Climate Plan of the Republic of Albania. https://www.infrastruktura.gov.al/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/The-National-Energy-and-Climate-Plan-NECP.pdf.pdf.

41. International Energy Agency (IEA), International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO). (2024). Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/cdd62b11-664f-4a85-9eb6-7f577d317311/SDG7-Report2024-0611-V9-highresforweb.pdf.

42. US Energy Information Administration. (2025). US wholesale electricity prices were lower and less volatile in 2024. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=64284

43. European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators. (2025). Key developments in European electricity and gas markets. https://www.acer.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Publications/2025_ACER_
Gas_Electricity_Key_Developments.pdf.

44. International Institute for Sustainable Development. (2025). How the G7 Can Advance Action on Fossil Fuel Subsidies in 2025. https://www.iisd.org/articles/how-g7-can-advance-action-fossil-fuel-subsidies-2025.

45. International Energy Agency. (2023). Electricity Market Report 2023. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/255e9cbada84-4681-8c1f-458ca1a3d9ca/ElectricityMarketReport2023.pdf.

46. European Commission. (2024). REPowerEU - 2 years on. https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/markets-and-consumers/actions-and-measures-energy-prices/repowereu-2-years_en.

47. Enerdata. (2022). Qatar inaugurates the 800 MW Al Kharsaah solar power plant. https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/qatar-inaugurates-800-mw-al-kharsaah-solar-power-plant.html.

48. Gulf Times. (2025). Qatar’s strategy to position renewable energy as core pillar in national energy mix. https://www.gulftimes.com/article/704086/opinion/qatars-strategy-to-position-renewable-energy-as-core-pillar-in-national-energy-mix.

49. KAHRAMAA. (n.d.). Renewable Energy. https://www.km.qa/RenewableEnergy/Pages/BeSolar.aspx.

50. Mihai, C. (2024). Romanian government approves energy strategy. EURACTIV.https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/romanian-government-approves-energy-strategy/.

51. World Economic Forum. (2025). Clean energy’s share of electricity reaches 40%, and other nature and climate news. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/04/clean-energy-electricity-nature-and-climate-stories-this-week/.

52. International Energy Agency. (2023). Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5°C Goal in Reach. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/8ad619b9-17aa-473d-8a2f-4b90846f5c19/NetZeroRoadmap_AGlobalPathwaytoKeepthe1.5CGoalinReach-2023Update.pdf.

53. International Energy Agency. (2024). Energy Efficiency 2024. https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-efficiency-2024.

54. International Energy Agency. (2023). Energy Efficiency 2023. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/dfd9134f-12eb-4045-9789-9d6ab8d9fbf4/EnergyEfficiency2023.pdf.

55. International Renewable Energy Agency. (2025). Record-Breaking Annual Growth in Renewable Power Capacity [Press release]. https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2025/Mar/Record-Breaking-Annual-Growth-in-Renewable-Power-Capacity.

56. International Energy Agency. (2024). Tracking pledges, targets and action – Global Methane Tracker 2024. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2024/tracking-pledges-targets-and-action.

57. International Energy Agency. (2025). Growth in global energy demand surged in 2024 to almost twice its recent average. https://www.iea.org/news/growth-in-global-energy-demand-surged-in-2024-to-almost-twice-its-recent-average.

58. Science Direct. (2024). Overview of bioenergy use and production in sub-Saharan Africa. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032124005264.

59. International Renewable Energy Agency. (2024). Energy Profile: Albania. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Statistics/Statistical_Profiles/Europe/
Albania_Europe_RE_SP.pdf.

60. International Energy Agency. (n.d.). Energy system of Bulgaria. https://www.iea.org/countries/bulgaria.

61. International Energy Agency. (n.d.). Snapshot 2025. https://iea-pvps.org/snapshot-reports/snapshot-2025/.

62. Global Wind Energy Council. (2025). The Global Voice of the Wind Industry. https://www.gwec.net/.

63. World Nuclear Industry Status Report. (2024). The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2024 (HTML). https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/The-World-Nuclear-Industry-Status-Report-2024-HTML.

64. International Hydropower Association. (2024). 2024 World Hydropower Outlook. https://www.hydropower.org/publications/2024-world-hydropower-outlook.

65. International Renewable Energy Agency. (2024). Energy Profile: Albania [Press release]. https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2015/Jan/Renewable-Power-Costs-Plummet-Many-Sources-Now-Cheaper-than-Fossil-Fuels-Worldwide;International Energy Agency. (2015). World Energy Outlook 2015. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/5a314029-69c2-42a9-98ac-d1c5deeb59b3/WEO2015.pdf.

66. European Commission. (2018). Strategic Action Plan on Batteries. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:0e8b694e-59b5-11e8-ab41-01aa75ed71a1.0003.02/DOC_3&format=PDF.

67. US Department of Energy. (2022). America’s Strategy to Secure the Supply Chain for a Robust Clean Energy Transition. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-02/America%E2%80%99s%20Strategy%20to%20Secure%20the%20Supply%20Chain%
20for%20a%20Robust%20Clean%20Energy%20Transition%20FINAL.docx_0.pdf.

68. European Commission. (2023). Strategic Energy Technology Plan. https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/research-and-technology/strategic-energy-technology-plan_en.

69. US Department of Energy. (2023). Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. https://www.energy.gov/lpo/inflation-reduction-act-2022.

70. European Commission. (n.d.). The Green Deal Industrial Plan. https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/green-deal-industrial-plan_en.

71. Foreign Policy. (2025). Spain’s Blackout Brings a New Meaning to Energy Security. https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/05/01/portugal-spain-blackout-cause-energy-security-europe-solar-renewables/.

72. International Energy Agency. (n.d.). Global Gas Security Review 2024. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-gas-security-review-2024/executive-summary.

73. Ibid.

74. International Energy Agency. (2025). A new era for nuclear energy beckons as projects, policies and investments increase. https://www.iea.org/news/a-new-era-for-nuclear-energy-beckons-as-projects-policies-and-investments-increase.

75. Financial Times. (2025). Shipping’s Imperfect New Carbon Scheme may yet make an Impact. https://on.ft.com/4iEZxi2.

76. International Energy Agency. (2024). Investment in clean energy this year is set to be twice the amount going to fossil fuels. https://www.iea.org/news/investment-in-clean-energy-this-year-is-set-to-be-twice-the-amount-going-to-fossil-fuels.

77. International Energy Agency. (2025). CCUS Projects Database. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/ccus-projects-database#.

78. BloombergNEF. (2024). Global Energy Storage Market Records Biggest Jump Yet. https://about.bnef.com/blog/global-energy-storage-market-records-biggest-jump-yet/.

79. International Energy Agency. (2024). Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions. https://www.iea.org/reports/batteries-and-secure-energy-transitions.

80. World Economic Forum. (2024). Explainer: The role of energy storage technologies in the energy transition. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/11/the-role-of-energy-storage-technologies-in-the-energy-transition/.

81. World Economic Forum. (2024). AI and energy: Will AI help reduce emissions or increase power demand? Here’s what to know. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/generative-ai-energy-emissions/

82. Heatmap. (2024). The IEA Isn’t Sweating Data Center Electricity Demand. https://heatmap.news/technology/iea-world-energy-outlook-2024.

83. International Copper Association. (2019). Copper demand growth in data centres. https://internationalcopper.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Data-centres-factsheet.pdf.

84. World Economic Forum. (2024). AI and energy: Will AI help reduce emissions or increase power demand? Here’s what to know. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/generative-ai-energy-emissions/.

85. Chatham House. (2025). China’s rare earth export restrictions threaten Washington’s military primacy. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2025/04/chinas-rare-earth-export-restrictions-threaten-washingtons-military-primacy.

86. Financial Times. (2023). Inside the $220bn American cleantech project boom. https://www.ft.com/content/3b19c51d-462b-43fa-9e0e-3445640aabb5.

87. ABI Research. (2025). Global Grid Digitalization Investment to Hit US$150 Billion by 2030 Amid Growing Demand for Energy Capacity and Flexibility. https://www.abiresearch.com/press/global-grid-digitalization-investment-to-hit-us150-billion-by-2030-amid-growing-demand-for-energy-capacity-and-flexibility.

88. World Trade Organization (WTO). (2025). Global Trade Outlook and Statistics. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/trade_outlook25_e.pdf.

89. World Bank Group. (2024). Off-grid Solar Could Provide First-time Electricity Access to Almost 400 Million People Globally by 2030 [Press release]. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/10/08/off-grid-solar-could-provide-firsttime-electricity-access-to-almost-400-million-people-globally-by-2030.

90. The Economic Times. (2023). Diversity best bet, no one-size-fits-all solution to energy transition: PM Modi. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/diversity-best-bet-no-one-size-fits-all-solution-to-energytransition-pm-modi/articleshow/103325905.cms.

91. Reuters. (2025). EU’s Ribera urges against hasty conclusions on Iberia blackout. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/eus-ribera-urges-against-hasty-conclusions-iberia-blackout-2025-05-05/.

92. TIME. (2022). Read the Transcript of TIME’s Interview With Chile’s President Gabriel Boric. https://time.com/6209557/gabriel-boric-transcript/.

93. Natural Gas World. (2021). Norway makes case for continued oil and gas production. https://www.naturalgasworld.com/norway-criticises-eu-call-to-ban-arctic-oil-and-gas-93312.

94. Ministry of Energy, Government of Chile. (2025). National Green Hydrogen Strategy. https://energia.gob.cl/sites/default/files/national_green_hydrogen_strategy_-_chile.pdf.

95. African Development Bank Group. (n.d.). Sustainable Energy Fund for Africa. https://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/initiatives-partnerships/sustainable-energy-fund-for-africa.

96. International Energy Agency. (2022). Energy Island Project in the North Sea. https://www.iea.org/policies/11562-energy-island-project-in-the-north-sea.

97. ASEAN Centre for Energy. (2023). Growing Momentum of LTMS-PIP and Its Impact on Regional Integration. https://aseanenergy.org/post/growing-momentum-of-ltms-pip-and-its-impact-on-regional-integration/.

98. World Resources Institute. (2021). Germany: The Ruhr Region’s Pivot from Coal Mining to a Hub of Green Industry and Expertise. https://www.wri.org/update/germany-ruhr-regions-pivot-coal-mining-hub-green-industry-and-expertise.

99. US Department of Energy. (2024). How Tax Credits are Driving Clean Energy Growth Two Years into Inflation Reduction Act. https://www.energy.gov/policy/articles/how-tax-credits-are-driving-clean-energy-growth-two-years-inflation-reduction-act.

100. BloombergNEF. (2025). Global Investment in the Energy Transition Exceeded $2 Trillion for the First Time in 2024. https://about.bnef.com/blog/global-investment-in-the-energy-transition-exceeded-2-trillion-for-the-first-time-in-2024-according-to-bloombergnef-report/.

101. Ibid.

102. Ibid.

103. World Economic Forum. (2024). Net-Zero Industry Tracker. https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Net_Zero_Industry_Tracker_2024.pdf.

104. International Energy Agency. (2025). Growth in global energy demand surged in 2024 to almost twice its recent average. https://www.iea.org/news/growth-in-global-energy-demand-surged-in-2024-to-almost-twice-its-recent-average.

105. World Economic Forum. (2025). Rethinking clean energy investment in EMDEs is a dual opportunity. Here’s why. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/01/rethinking-clean-energy-investment-in-emdes/#:~:text=Although%20recent%20investment%20has%20grown,economies%20and%
20China%20since%202021.

106. BloombergNEF. (2025). Global Investment in the Energy Transition Exceeded $2 Trillion for the First Time in 2024. https://about.bnef.com/blog/global-investment-in-the-energy-transition-exceeded-2-trillion-for-the-first-time-in-2024-accordingto-bloombergnef-report/.

107. Ibid.

108. United Nations Development Programme. (n.d.). Sustainable Energy Revolution. https://www.undp.org/energy.

109. International Renewable Energy Agency. (2024). The energy transition in Africa: Opportunities for international collaboration with a focus on the G7. https://www.irena.org/Publications/2024/Apr/The-energy-transition-in-Africa-Opportunities-forinternational-collaboration-with-a-focus-on-the-G7.

110. World Economic Forum. (2024). Egypt targets $40 billion of green hydrogen investment - plus other top energy stories. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/03/egypt-green-hydrogen-investment-plus-other-top-energy-stories/.

111. Valor International. (2025). Energy auctions in Brazil could attract up to R$57bn in 2025. https://valorinternational.globo.com/business/news/2025/04/22/energy-auctions-in-brazil-could-attract-up-to-r57bn-in-2025.ghtml.

112. RMI. (2025). Can Rooftop Solar Power India’s Cities?. https://rmi.org/insight/can-rooftop-solar-power-indias-cities/.

113. Carbon Herald. (2025). South Korea Launches Ambitious Plan To Boost CCU. https://carbonherald.com/south-korealaunches-ambitious-plan-to-boost-ccu/.

114. International Trade Administration. (2025). Kenya Energy Announcement of $1.8 billion geothermal expansion for electricity. https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/kenya-energy-announcement-18-billion-geothermal-expansion-electricity.

115. Masdar. (2023). Masdar Signs Agreement to Explore Exporting Green Hydrogen. https://masdar.ae/en/news/newsroom/masdar-signs-agreement-to-explore-exporting-green-hydrogen.

116. International PtX Hub. (2024). Solar NH3-Pool Chile. https://ptx-hub.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/h2uppp-pppresult-chile-soventix-en.pdf.

117. International Renewable Energy Agency. (2023). Low-cost finance for the energy transition. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2023/May/IRENA
_Low_cost_finance_energy_transition_2023.pdf.

118. International Renewable Energy Agency. (2023). Low-cost finance for the energy transition. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2023/May/IRENA
_Low_cost_finance_energy_transition_2023.pdf.

119. International Energy Agency. (2022). Global energy employment rises above pre-Covid levels, driven by clean energy and efforts to strengthen supply chains. https://www.iea.org/news/global-energy-employment-rises-above-pre-covid-levelsdriven-by-clean-energy-and-efforts-to-strengthen-supply-chains.

120. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India. (2023). National Green Hydrogen Mission. https://mnre.gov.in/en/national-green-hydrogen-mission/.

121. Saudi Electricity Company. (2024). Sustainability Report 2024. https://www.se.com.sa/-/media/sec/Investors/Sustainability-Reports/SEC-Sustainability-Report-2024_English.ashx.

122. Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Australian Government. (2024, 17 September). Queensland’s new clean energy training centre [Press release]. https://www.energy.gov.au/news/queenslands-new-cleanenergy-training-centre.

123. The White House. (2023, 13 October). Biden-Harris Administration Announces Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs to Drive Clean Manufacturing and Jobs [Press release]. https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statementsreleases/2023/10/13/biden-harris-administration-announces-regional-clean-hydrogen-hubs-to-drive-cleanmanufacturing-and-jobs/.