1968, Doctorate in Law, University of Vienna. 1968-75, Secretary, Austrian People's Party (+ûVP) parliamentary group. 1975-91, Secretary-General, Austrian Economic Federation (+ûsterreichischer Wirtschaftsbund). 1989-95, Minister for Economic Affairs of Austria. Since 1995, Chairman, Austrian People's Party (+ûVP). Since 1995, Vice-Chancellor and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Austria.