Degree in Business Management, HEC, University of Lausanne. Formerly: Financial Analyst, Procter & Gamble; 1977, Commercial Engineer, IBM; management, Digital Equipment Corporation including European Centre, Geneva, and finance, administration, marketing and business management departments. With Kudelski Group: 1992, Managing Director, Nagra Audio; Business Development Director, Nagravision; Managing Director, Precel, a subsidiary. Since 1999, managed own business consultancy in telecommunications sector and contributed to Nagravision projects. Since 2003, current positions.