Certificates in Adult Education, Public Policy, Facilitation; Graduate, International Program on Organization and Systems Development, Gestalt Institute of Cleveland. Since 1995, Representative, African National Congress, 14 years in the National Assembly and for one term of five years as MEC for Local Government & Housing in the Free State. Early 1990s, Co-Chairperson of the Local Government Negotiating forum. 2004, Chairperson, Portfolio Committee on Arts and Culture; since 2004, Chairperson, Portfolio Committee on Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (CoGTA). Former Deputy Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform. Former: founding Deputy and later National President, South African National Civic Organisation; Publicity Secretary, United Democratic Front, Natal. Member of the Central Committee, South African Communist Party. Student coach. Trauma/tension release exercise (TRE) practitioner.