Degree and PhD in Forestry, University of Dar es Salaam, Duke University and Agricultural University, Norway. Formerly: Principal Forestry Scientist, World Agroforestry Centre; taught at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Fulbright Fellow and Professor of Forest Science, Oregon State University; Minister of Education; Minister of Natural Resources and Tourism; Minister of Labour, Employment and Youth Development. Author of over 60 papers published in international refereed journals. Former Member of the Editorial Board, Forest Ecology and Management journal and Agroforestry Systems journal.