1974-82, MDiv (Master's of Divinity), State University of Leiden, Netherlands. 1987-89, Consultant, Commission of the Churches on International Affairs, World Council of Churches; 1989-93, Executive Secretary, World Council of Churches and Conference of European Churches Working Group on Asylum and Refugees; 1994-96, Initiator, Coordinator, and Head, Strategic Policy Department, Dutch Refugee Council; 1996-99, Senior Consultant, External and Strategic Relations, Dutch Refugee Council; 1999-2003, Initiator and Secretary-Coordinator, Project on the Future of Asylum and Migration, Netherlands Chapter, Society for International Development: 2003-05, International Consultant, Danish Institute of Human Rights for Hague Process on Refugees and Migration project; since 2005, current position.