Graduate, Israel Defence Forces (IDF) Command and Staff College and Israel National Defence College. Career Officer, IDF including: 1967, Commander, Six-Day War; 1970-73, Member, IDF Military Mission to Singapore; 1973, Commander, Yom Kippur War; 1977, Commanding Officer, Southern Lebanon; 1979-81, Military Governor, Judea and Samaria; 1983-84, Government Coordinator of Activities in the Administered Areas. 1984, elected to Knesset: 1984-92 and 1996-99, Member, Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defence Committee; 1984-88, Labour and Social Welfare Committee; 1988-92, Chair, Israel-Canada Parliamentary Friendship Committee; 1992-96, Minister of Construction and Housing; 1999, Minister of Communications and Deputy Prime Minister; 2005, Minister of National Infrastructures.