1972, graduate, HEC; 1976, graduate, ENA. Former: positions, French Ministry of Finance; Deputy Head, Energy and Commodities Division, Ministry of Industry. 1983, joined BNP: 1990, Head, domestic banking; 1996, COO; 1999, led merger between BNP and Paribas; 2000, COO and Member of the Board, BNP Paribas; 2003-11, CEO, responsible for building European presence, realizing the acquisition of Banca Nazionale del Lavoro in 2006 and Fortis Bank-BGL in 2009; since December 2011, Chairman. Member: Institute of International Finance; Monetary Authorities of Singapore. Officer of the Légion d'Honneur; Officer of the National Order of Merit.