The space sector is evolving rapidly, with new public- and private-sector actors propelling it towards novel space applications, ever-larger constellations that provide connectivity and ever-more precise Earth observation, as well as partnerships for lunar exploration and beyond. As the domain undergoes this important transformation, the Global Future Council on Space Technologies will explore critical challenges for the sector, such as the need for new governance frameworks like Space Traffic Management, a greater understanding of the sector’s socio-economic impact such as environment and climate monitoring as well as technologies that will drive the future of space exploration.