1984, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris; 1986, Advanced Mathematics and Physics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris; 1988, Master of Business Administration, INSEAD. 1986-94, Consultant, McKinsey & Co, Paris, London and New York; 1994-98, Chairman and Chief Executive, National Bureau for Technical Studies & Development, Côte d’Ivoire; 1998-99, Minister of Planning and Development, Côte d’Ivoire; 2000-02, Partner, McKinsey & Co, Paris; 2002-08, with Aviva: Group Strategy & Development Director (2002-04); Managing Director, International (2004-06), Chief Executive, Europe (2006-08); 2008-15, with Prudential: Chief Financial Officer (2008-09); Group Chief Executive (2009-15). Since July 2015, with Credit Suisse: Chief Executive Officer; Member of the Executive Board, Credit Suisse Group and Credit Suisse. Currently, also Member, European Financial Round Table; Member, UK Prime Minister's Business Advisory Group; Board Member, 21st Century Fox.