BA (Hons), MA in Political Science and LLB, Patna University. Lawyer and Senior Advocate, Patna High Court. 2000, elected to Rajya Sabha; 2001-03, Minister of State, Ministry of Coal and Mines; 2002-03, also Minister of State, Ministry of Law and Justice; 2003-04, Minister of State, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting; since 2006, National Spokesperson, BJP; re-elected to Rajya Sabha. Author of newspaper articles on contemporary legal and constitutional issues. Member: Bankipur Club; Patna Golf Club; Delhi Golf Club. Interests: classical Indian music, travelling, historical, biographical and legal literature.