Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is South Africa’s leading scientific and technology research organisation, established in 1945 to advance industrial and scientific development in the public interest. Headquartered in Pretoria, it conducts multidisciplinary research and innovation to strengthen the country’s industrial competitiveness, support sustainable development and improve quality of life. The CSIR partners with government, industry and academic institutions to deliver solutions in areas such as advanced manufacturing, health, energy, defence, agriculture, digital technologies and environmental sustainability.